django-rest-framework开发api接口

(1) 创建django项目drfdemo1并且创建一个名为app的应用

 django-admin startproject drfdemo1

 python manage.py startapp app

(2) 安装django-rest-framework

 pip install djangorestframework

(3) 在settings.py的INSTALLED_APPS注册，并且在INSTALLED_APPS和MIDDLEWARE配置属性中将部分django自带功能去除

 INSTALLED_APPS = [

    # 'django.contrib.admin',

    'django.contrib.auth',

    'django.contrib.contenttypes',

    'django.contrib.sessions',

    # 'django.contrib.messages',

    # 'django.contrib.staticfiles',

    'app',

    'rest_framework',

]



MIDDLEWARE = [

    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',

    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',

    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',

    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',

    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',

    # 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',

    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',

]

上述配置保留了Auth认证系统和Session功能，当django运行时只会加载Auth认证系统和Session功能,这样能减少django占用服务器的系统资源，除此之外还要注释掉配置属性TEMPLATES和STATIC_URL，因为API接口无需使用模板功能和静态资源

(4) 路由配置

在drfdemo1的urls.py中编写以下内容：

 from django.urls import path, include



urlpatterns = [

    path('api/',include('app.urls')),

]

在app里创建urls.py，并写入如下内容：

 from django.urls import path

from .views import *



urlpatterns = [

    path('students/',students.as_view())

]

(5) 模型

 from django.db import models





class studentsInfo(models.Model):

    name = models.CharField(max_length=12, verbose_name='姓名')

    sex = models.CharField(max_length=1, verbose_name='性别')

    age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='年龄')

    classroom = models.CharField(max_length=10, verbose_name='教室')

    info = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name='个人简介')

(6) 在app里创建serializer.py，内容如下：

 from rest_framework import serializers

from .models import *





class studentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):



    class Meta:

        model = studentsInfo

        fields = "__all__"

(7) 视图类编写

 from .models import *

from django.http import JsonResponse

from .serializer import studentSerializer

from rest_framework.views import APIView





class students(APIView):

    def get(self, request):

        data = studentsInfo.objects.all()

        serializer = studentSerializer(instance=data,many=True)

        return JsonResponse(serializer.data,safe=False)

(8) 执行数据迁移

 python manage.py makemigrations

python manage.py migrate

迁移之后插入测试数据

(9) 启动项目

 python manage.py runserver 8000

(10) 查看返回的数据

访问127.0.0.1/api/students，结果如下：

 [

    {

        "id": 1,

        "name": "小明",

        "sex": "男",

        "age": 22,

        "classroom": "301",

        "info": "这个人很懒，什么也没有留下"

    },

    {

        "id": 2,

        "name": "小红",

        "sex": "女",

        "age": 18,

        "classroom": "301",

        "info": "这个人很懒，什么也没有留下"

    },

    {

        "id": 3,

        "name": "张三",

        "sex": "男",

        "age": 25,

        "classroom": "307",

        "info": "这个人很懒，什么也没有留下"

    },

    {

        "id": 4,

        "name": "李四",

        "sex": "男",

        "age": 24,

        "classroom": "308",

        "info": "这个人很懒，什么也没有留下"

    }

]

Django-rest-framework开发api接口